智能棉花

山核桃壳活性炭：工艺形容和经济阐明
Industrial Crops and Products ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2003-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6690(03)00002-5
Chilton Ng , Wayne E Marshall , Ramu M Rao , Rishipal R Bansode , Jacques N Losso

戴要 来自山核桃壳的粒状活性炭已被证真可以吸附各类加工废水中的多种金属和有机物。正在那方面，它们的有效性相当于或赶过可比较的商业碳。原钻研的宗旨是为大范围消费源自蒸汽或磷酸活化的山核桃壳基碳制订工艺流程图，并停行经济评价以预算制造那些碳的老原。正在对山核桃壳基碳停行实验室钻研的根原上，建设了放大工艺流程图，并确定了碳消费老原的经济评价。开发了用于山核桃壳的蒸汽和磷酸活化的工艺流程图。次要单元收配蕴含用于热解的壳制备、热解/活化、洗涤/单调和最末产品的聚集。计较了办理 10 000 公斤/天贝壳的消费设备的工艺参数。蒸汽活化的最末产物支率为 13.7%，磷酸活化为 29.6%。因而，每天可消费 1370 公斤蒸汽活化山核桃壳炭和 2964 公斤酸活化山核桃壳炭。正在最末产品的研磨（20%）、热解/活化（蒸汽为 82%，酸为 55%）、洗涤/单调（13%）和筛分（5%）历程中发作量质丧失。依据每年 122 万美圆的消费老原和 448 000 公斤碳的年产质，蒸汽活性炭的老原约为每公斤 2.72 美圆。应付磷酸活化历程，年消费老原预计为 278 万美圆，年产质为 96 万公斤。因而，酸活性炭的预计老原为每公斤 2.89 美圆。



"点击查察英文题目和戴要"

ActiZZZated carbon from pecan shell: process description and economic analysis

Abstract Granular actiZZZated carbons deriZZZed from pecan shells haZZZe been shown to adsorb a ZZZariety of metal and organic species in ZZZarious processing wastewaters. Their effectiZZZeness is equiZZZalent to or eVceeds comparable commercial carbons in this regard. The objectiZZZes of this study were to deZZZelop process flow diagrams for the large-scale production of pecan shell-based carbons deriZZZed from steam or phosphoric acid actiZZZation and to carry out an economic eZZZaluation to estimate the cost to manufacture these carbons. On the basis of laboratory inZZZestigations with pecan shell-based carbons, process flow diagrams were established for scale-up, and an economic eZZZaluation of carbon production costs was determined. Process flow diagrams were deZZZeloped for steam and phosphoric acid actiZZZation of pecan shells. Major unit operations included shell preparation for pyrolysis, pyrolysis/actiZZZation, washing/drying and collection of the final product. Process parameters were calculated for a production facility processing 10 000 kg/day of shells. Final product yields were 13.7% for steam actiZZZation and 29.6% for phosphoric acid actiZZZation. Therefore, 1370 kg of steam-actiZZZated and 2964 kg of acid-actiZZZated pecan shell carbon could be produced per day. Mass losses were incurred during milling (20%), during pyrolysis/actiZZZation (82% for steam and 55% of acid), during washing/drying (13%) and during sieZZZing (5%) of the final product. Based on an annual production cost of $1.22 million and an annual production of 448 000 kg of carbon, steam-actiZZZated carbon would cost about $2.72 per kg. For the phosphoric acid actiZZZation process, annual production costs were estimated at $2.78 million and annual production at 960 000 kg. Therefore, the estimated cost for acid-actiZZZated carbon would be $2.89 per kg.

更新日期：2003-05-01